He wāhanga nui o te tiaki taiao te hangarua i ngā para rauemi mata ahumahi. I te mea he para nui te putanga o te whare, me hangarua anō hoki te para o te oumu pupuhi. E mārama ana ka taea te wehewehe i te para o te oumu pupuhi ki te para rino poaka hanga maitai, te para rino poaka whakarewa, te para ferromanganese, me ētahi atu. Ko te reiti whakamahinga i Hapani i te tau 1980 he 85%, i te Uniana Sōviete i te tau 1979 neke atu i te 70%, ā, i Haina i te tau 1981 he 83%. He aha ngā whakamahinga motuhake o te para oumu pupuhi me ngā taputapu mira huri mō te para oumu pupuhi? E hia te utu o teoumu pupuhimira huri paraAnei tētahi whakamārama taipitopito māu.

He aha ngā whakamahinga o te para o te oumu pupuhi?

(1) I muri i te kuru, ka taea e te para o te oumu pupuhi te whakakapi i te kōhatu maori, ā, ka whakamahia hoki ki te huarahi, ki te taunga rererangi, ki te hangarau turanga, ki te papa reti, ki te raima me te papa uku.

(2) Ka hurihia te para o te oumu pupuhi e te mira huri para o te oumu pupuhi, ka pania ki te konganuku māmā, e whakamahia ana hei hanga i te papa pakitara o roto me te papa o raro.

(3) Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te para o te oumu pupuhi hei hanga huruhuru hipi para (he momo muka kohuke rite ki te miro mā i whiwhihia mā te whakarewa i te para o te oumu pupuhi hei rauemi mata matua i roto i te oumu whakarewa hei tiki i te rewa me te whakamahine), uku karāhe, tongi para konupūmā silicate, kohatu whakarewa para, para wera whakarewa, me ētahi atu.

He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Momo Huri Para o te Oumu PahūMiraNgā taputapu

He maha ngā momo taputapu huri para oumu pupuhi. Whai muri i te rangahau me te whakawhanake tonu me te whakapai ake, he maha ngā momo taputapu e mōhiotia ana i te mākete: te mira Raymond mō te para oumu pupuhi raupapa HC, te mira poutū mō te para oumu pupuhi raupapa HLM, te mira poutū tino pai mō te para oumu pupuhi raupapa HLMX, me te mira roera mowhiti tino pai mō te para oumu pupuhi raupapa HCH. Ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā momo whiringa i runga i te kaha whakaputa me te kiko rerekē: ko te kupu whakataki e whai ake nei:

Ngā taputapu huri para o te oumu pupuhi –Para o te oumu pupuhi raupapa HC mira Raymond: e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā umanga me te tauine whakaputanga o te 1-90t/h. Kua whakahoutia tēnei taputapu i runga i te kaupapa o ngā taputapu taketake. Ko tōna kaha he 30-40% teitei ake i te mira Raymond tuku iho, e taea ai te whakatutuki i te tono e tipu haere ana mō te whakaputanga ahumahi. I taua wā anō, ka whakamahia te pūnaha kohikohi puehu pao tango puehu tuimotu, te pūnaha kohikohi puehu pao hau toenga rānei, he kaha te pānga tango puehu me ngā whakaritenga matotoru o te 38-180 μM ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whiriwhiri me te ngāwari.

Ngā taputapu huri para o te oumu pupuhi –Omu pupuhi raupapa HLMparapoutūroeramiraHe momo taputapu hou tēnei e whakauru ana i ngā painga maha, ā, he maha ngā tauira o ngā roera huri hei whiriwhiri mā ngā kiritaki. Mā te kaupapa o te kuru miihini, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i te kaha whakaputa mōrahi o ngā kiritaki o te 200 tana ia hāora, ā, he tino aunoatanga tōna. Ka taea e ia te aroturuki i te mahi a ngā taputapu ipurangi i te wā tūturu. He maha ngā raraunga ka whakarōpūtia kia ōrite, ka tino whakaiti i te utu mahi.

Ngā taputapu huri para o te oumu pupuhi –Para o te oumu pupuhi raupapa HLMXtino paipoutūroeramira: kei roto i tēnei tauira te kuru, te whakamaroke, te huri, te whakarōpū me te kawe. He māmā noa te rere o te tukanga, he iti te hanganga, he iti hoki te papa. Mā te pihi huri motuhake o te ringaringa roera me te pereti arai ka māmā ake te hanga paparanga rauemi. Ka taea te huri ngāwari i te paura pai kua oti me te rahi matūriki o te 3-22 maikorona, ā, ko te kaha whakaputa mōrahi tae atu ki te 50 tana ia hāora.

Ngā taputapu huri para o te oumu pupuhi –Para o te oumu pupuhi raupapa HCHtinomira roera mowhiti pai: ka taea e tēnei mira te whakatutuki i te kuru paparanga, me te rahi matūriki kuru ōrite ake. Me whakaputa hua kua oti me te rahi matūriki o te 5-38 maikoroni me te kaha whakaputa o te 1-11t/h. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whiriwhiri me te māia. He iti te papa, he kaha te whakaoti, he whānui te whakamahinga, he ngāwari te whakahaere, he watea te tiaki, he pumau te mahi, ā, he nui te utu. He taputapu tukatuka paura tino pai, he pai hoki te penapena hiko.

Kia pehea te utu o te huri para i roto i te oumu pupuhimirangā taputapu?

Ko te utu ote huri para o te oumu pupuhimiraKo ngā taputapu kei waenga i ngā rau mano ki ngā miriona yuan, he mea e tika ana mō ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā tahua rerekē.

Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e ngā taputapu mira huri para o te oumu pupuhi o ngā momo raupapa me ngā tauira rerekē te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi o ngā tauine rerekē. Nō reira, ki te hiahia koe ki te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu mira huri, kia rite ki te āhuatanga whakaputa. Mena he mea āu e hiahia ana ki te mōhio, he āwangawanga rānei mō te kaha me te pai o te taputapu, tēnā whakapā mai ki a mātou mō ngā taipitopito o ngā taputapu me te whakarato mai i ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei:

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